.sticky-nav-wrapper[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{z-index:85;backdrop-filter:blur(16px);background:#070b12f5;border-bottom:1px solid #f59e0b40;margin:-24px -20px 28px;position:sticky;top:62px;box-shadow:0 4px 20px #00000080}.sticky-nav-bar[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{max-width:var(--max-width);white-space:nowrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:0 auto;padding:8px 16px;display:flex;overflow-x:auto}.nav-chip[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#cbd5e1;border-radius:6px;padding:4px 10px;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;transition:all .15s;text-decoration:none!important}.nav-chip[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#fbbf24;background:#f59e0b26}.nav-sep[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fff3;user-select:none;font-weight:900}.hero-section[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:radial-gradient(circle at 50% 0,#152033 0%,#0c121d 100%);border:1px solid #4fc3f733;border-radius:16px;margin-bottom:32px;padding:48px 24px 56px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 16px 40px -10px #00000080}.hero-section[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:before{content:"";pointer-events:none;background:radial-gradient(circle,#4fc3f71f 0%,#0000 70%);border-radius:50%;width:600px;height:600px;position:absolute;top:-50%;right:-20%}.hero-container[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{text-align:center;z-index:2;max-width:860px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px;position:relative}.hero-badge[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#4fc3f7;letter-spacing:.02em;background:#4fc3f71f;border:1px solid #4fc3f759;border-radius:9999px;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:6px 14px;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;display:inline-flex}.badge-dot[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#4fc3f7;border-radius:50%;width:8px;height:8px;display:inline-block}.hero-title[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.02em;max-width:820px;margin:0 auto 16px;font-size:clamp(2.2rem,5vw,3.5rem);font-weight:800;line-height:1.2}.hero-title[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] .highlight-cyan[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#38bdf8;text-shadow:0 0 24px #38bdf866;font-weight:800}.hero-subtitle[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#cbd5e1;max-width:720px;margin:0 auto 24px;font-size:clamp(1rem,2vw,1.15rem);line-height:1.6}.hero-cta[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;gap:16px;margin:24px 0;display:flex}.btn-primary[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#4fc3f7,#0284c7);border-radius:8px;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:14px 32px;font-weight:700;transition:all .3s;display:inline-flex;box-shadow:0 4px 16px #4fc3f759;color:#070b12!important;text-decoration:none!important}.btn-primary[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 8px 24px #4fc3f780;text-decoration:none!important}.btn-secondary[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#ffffff0f;border:1px solid #ffffff26;border-radius:8px;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:14px 32px;font-weight:600;transition:all .3s;display:inline-flex;box-shadow:0 2px 8px #0003;color:#fff!important;text-decoration:none!important}.btn-secondary[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{border-color:#4fc3f7;transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 4px 12px #4fc3f733;color:#4fc3f7!important}.trust-indicators[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{text-align:center;border-top:1px solid #ffffff1a;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px;padding-top:20px;display:grid}.trust-number[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#4fc3f7;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:800;display:block}.trust-label[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#94a3b8;font-size:.85rem}.calc-wrapper[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{text-align:left;max-width:740px;margin:0 auto}.content-section[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{margin-top:64px;scroll-margin-top:110px}.section-title-wrap[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{text-align:center;max-width:760px;margin:0 auto 32px}.section-title-wrap[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] h2[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0 0 10px;font-size:clamp(1.75rem,3.5vw,2.25rem);font-weight:800}.section-subtitle[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#cbd5e1;margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6}.category-cards-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;display:grid}.unit-cat-card[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#0f1623;border:1px solid #ffffff14;border-radius:14px;padding:18px;transition:all .2s}.card-length[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:linear-gradient(#38bdf80f 0%,#0f1623 100%);border-color:#38bdf840}.card-length[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{border-color:#38bdf8;box-shadow:0 8px 24px #38bdf833}.card-mass[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:linear-gradient(#f59e0b0f 0%,#0f1623 100%);border-color:#f59e0b40}.card-mass[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{border-color:#f59e0b;box-shadow:0 8px 24px #f59e0b33}.card-concentration[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:linear-gradient(#10b9810f 0%,#0f1623 100%);border-color:#10b98140}.card-concentration[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{border-color:#10b981;box-shadow:0 8px 24px #10b98133}.card-capacitance[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:linear-gradient(#a855f70f 0%,#0f1623 100%);border-color:#a855f740}.card-capacitance[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{border-color:#a855f7;box-shadow:0 8px 24px #a855f733}.card-time[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:linear-gradient(#f43f5e0f 0%,#0f1623 100%);border-color:#f43f5e40}.card-time[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{border-color:#f43f5e;box-shadow:0 8px 24px #f43f5e33}.card-volume[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:linear-gradient(#6366f10f 0%,#0f1623 100%);border-color:#6366f140}.card-volume[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{border-color:#6366f1;box-shadow:0 8px 24px #6366f133}.card-current[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:linear-gradient(#eab3080f 0%,#0f1623 100%);border-color:#eab30840}.card-current[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{border-color:#eab308;box-shadow:0 8px 24px #eab30833}.card-charge[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:linear-gradient(#06b6d40f 0%,#0f1623 100%);border-color:#06b6d440}.card-charge[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{border-color:#06b6d4;box-shadow:0 8px 24px #06b6d433}.cat-header[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-bottom:14px;display:flex}.cat-icon[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{border-radius:10px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:38px;height:38px;font-size:18px;display:flex}.icon-cyan[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#38bdf82e;border:1px solid #38bdf859}.icon-amber[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#f59e0b2e;border:1px solid #f59e0b59}.icon-emerald[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#10b9812e;border:1px solid #10b98159}.icon-violet[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#a855f72e;border:1px solid #a855f759}.icon-rose[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#f43f5e2e;border:1px solid #f43f5e59}.icon-indigo[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#6366f12e;border:1px solid #6366f159}.icon-yellow[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#eab3082e;border:1px solid #eab30859}.icon-teal[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#06b6d42e;border:1px solid #06b6d459}.cat-title[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fff;margin:0;font-size:16px;font-weight:700}.cat-title[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] a[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.cat-title[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] a[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#fbbf24}.cat-count[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#cbd5e1;font-size:11px;font-weight:600}.pill-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:8px;display:grid}.unit-pill[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{text-align:center;color:#f8fafc;background:#ffffff0d;border:1px solid #ffffff1a;border-radius:8px;padding:6px 4px;font-family:ui-monospace,monospace;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;transition:all .15s}.pill-cyan[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#38bdf8;background:#38bdf833;border-color:#38bdf8}.pill-amber[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#fbbf24;background:#f59e0b33;border-color:#f59e0b}.pill-emerald[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#34d399;background:#10b98133;border-color:#10b981}.pill-violet[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#c084fc;background:#a855f733;border-color:#a855f7}.pill-rose[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#fb7185;background:#f43f5e33;border-color:#f43f5e}.pill-indigo[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#818cf8;background:#6366f133;border-color:#6366f1}.pill-yellow[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#fde047;background:#eab30833;border-color:#eab308}.pill-teal[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#22d3ee;background:#06b6d433;border-color:#06b6d4}.formula-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr;align-items:center;gap:30px;display:grid}.formula-info[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] h2[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fff;margin:0 0 14px;font-size:28px;font-weight:800}.formula-box[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{border-radius:10px;margin:12px 0;padding:14px 20px;font-family:ui-monospace,monospace;font-size:18px;font-weight:700}.gold-box[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fbbf24;background:#f59e0b1a;border:1px solid #f59e0b73}.blue-box[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#38bdf8;background:#38bdf81a;border:1px solid #38bdf873}.muted-note[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#e2e8f0;margin-top:14px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.65}.table-card[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#0f1623;border:1px solid #ffffff1f;border-radius:16px;padding:20px}.table-card-title[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fff;margin:0 0 12px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700}.quick-table[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-family:ui-monospace,monospace;font-size:14px}.quick-table[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] th[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{text-align:left;color:#e2e8f0;background:#ffffff0f;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff1f;padding:8px 12px;font-size:12px}.quick-table[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] td[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#f8fafc;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff0f;padding:7px 12px}.gold-text[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fbbf24;font-weight:700}.table-footnote[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#cbd5e1;margin:12px 0 0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5}.si-ladder-wrap[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;padding:8px 0;display:flex;overflow-x:auto}.ladder-pill[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#0f1623;border:1px solid #ffffff1f;border-radius:10px;flex-direction:column;flex:1;align-items:center;gap:4px;min-width:70px;padding:10px 6px;display:flex}.gold-ladder-pill[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#f59e0b29;border-color:#f59e0b8c;box-shadow:0 0 14px #f59e0b40}.gold-ladder-pill[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] .l-name[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fbbf24;font-weight:800}.l-name[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#f8fafc;font-size:12px;font-weight:700}.l-exp[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#cbd5e1;font-family:ui-monospace,monospace;font-size:11px}.scale-svg-container[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:radial-gradient(circle at top,#111a2c 0%,#090e17 100%);border:1px solid #ffffff1f;border-radius:16px;padding:24px 16px;overflow-x:auto;box-shadow:0 12px 32px #0006}.scale-svg[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{width:100%;min-width:800px;height:auto;display:block}.card-desc[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#e2e8f0;margin:8px 0 14px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.6}.primary-btn[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#f59e0b;border-radius:9999px;padding:12px 28px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;transition:all .2s;display:inline-block;color:#070b12!important;text-decoration:none!important}.primary-btn[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{background:#fbbf24;transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 6px 20px #f59e0b66}.gold-link[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fbbf24;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.gold-link[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#fde68a;text-decoration:underline}.faq-accordion[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{border:1px solid #e8ecf1;border-radius:12px;max-width:820px;margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden}.faq-item[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{border-bottom:1px solid #e8ecf1}.faq-item[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:last-child{border-bottom:none}.faq-question[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;text-align:left;background:#fff;border:none;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;width:100%;padding:20px 24px;font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:500;transition:background .2s;display:flex}.faq-question[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{background:#f8f9fc}.faq-icon[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#4fc3f7;font-size:1.5rem;transition:transform .3s}.faq-item[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme].open .faq-icon[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{transform:rotate(45deg)}.faq-answer[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#4a4a5a;background:#fff;padding:0 24px 20px;line-height:1.7}.faq-formula[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#f8f9fc;border:1px solid #e8ecf1;border-radius:8px;margin-top:8px;padding:10px 16px;display:inline-block}.faq-formula[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] code[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#1a1a2e;font-family:JetBrains Mono,monospace;font-size:.92rem;font-weight:600}.ref-panel[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#0f1623;border:1px solid #ffffff1f;border-radius:14px;padding:24px}.ref-list[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{flex-direction:column;gap:10px;margin:14px 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}.ref-list[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] a[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fbbf24;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.ref-list[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] a[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{color:#fde68a;text-decoration:underline}.physics-hub-section[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{margin:48px 0;padding:64px 0 48px}.physics-hub-section[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] .section-header[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{text-align:center;max-width:760px;margin:0 auto 36px}.physics-hub-section[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] .section-header[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] h2[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:12px 0 10px;font-size:clamp(1.75rem,3.5vw,2.25rem);font-weight:800}.physics-hub-section[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] .section-tag[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#4fc3f7;background:#4fc3f726;border:1px solid #4fc3f74d;border-radius:9999px;margin-bottom:8px;padding:6px 14px;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:700;display:inline-block}.card-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(320px,1fr));gap:24px;margin-top:32px;display:grid}.physics-card[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:inherit;background:#fff;border:1px solid #e8ecf1;border-radius:12px;flex-direction:column;padding:24px;text-decoration:none;transition:all .3s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);display:flex;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.physics-card[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{border-color:#4fc3f7;transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:0 12px 40px #1a1a2e1f}.physics-card[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:before{content:"";opacity:0;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#4fc3f7,#1a1a2e);height:3px;transition:opacity .3s;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0}.physics-card[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover:before{opacity:1}.card-icon[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{border-radius:10px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:48px;height:48px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:1.5rem;display:flex}.card-title[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#1a1a2e;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:600}.card-description[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#4a4a5a;flex-grow:1;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.6}.card-meta[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{gap:12px;margin-top:16px;display:flex}.card-tag[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#4a4a5a;background:#f0f2f5;border-radius:20px;padding:4px 10px;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:600}.card-read-time[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#8e8ea0;font-size:.75rem}.card-arrow[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{color:#4fc3f7;opacity:0;font-size:1.25rem;transition:all .3s;position:absolute;bottom:24px;right:24px;transform:translate(-8px)}.physics-card[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover .card-arrow[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{opacity:1;transform:translate(0)}.hub-footer[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{text-align:center;margin-top:32px}.btn-outline[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#4fc3f70f;border:2px solid #4fc3f7;border-radius:8px;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:12px 28px;font-weight:700;transition:all .2s;display:inline-flex;color:#4fc3f7!important;text-decoration:none!important}.btn-outline[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{background:#4fc3f7;box-shadow:0 4px 16px #4fc3f759;color:#1a1a2e!important}@media (width<=767px){.hero-section[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{border-radius:12px;margin-bottom:24px;padding:28px 16px 36px}.hero-container[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{padding:0}.hero-title[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{font-size:1.85rem;line-height:1.2}.hero-subtitle[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.5}.hero-cta[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{flex-direction:column;gap:10px}.btn-primary[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme],.btn-secondary[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{box-sizing:border-box;justify-content:center;width:100%;padding:12px 16px;font-size:.95rem}.trust-indicators[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:8px;margin-top:20px;padding-top:16px}.trust-number[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{font-size:1.2rem}.trust-label[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{font-size:.72rem}.hub-callouts-banner[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{padding:14px 16px;font-size:13px}.category-cards-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}.formula-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.formula-box[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{padding:12px 14px;font-size:15px}.card-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px}.physics-card[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{padding:18px 16px}.faq-question[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{padding:16px 18px;font-size:1rem}.faq-answer[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{padding:0 18px 16px;font-size:.9rem}.footer-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}.sticky-nav-wrapper[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{margin:-16px -14px 20px;top:54px}.scale-svg-container[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{border-radius:12px;padding:16px 12px}.table-card[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{padding:16px 12px}.quick-table[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] th[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme],.quick-table[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme] td[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{padding:6px 8px;font-size:13px}}@media (width>=768px) and (width<=1023px){.card-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme],.footer-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme],.category-cards-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.formula-grid[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{grid-template-columns:1fr}}.animate-on-scroll[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{opacity:0;transition:all .6s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);transform:translateY(24px)}.animate-on-scroll[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme].visible{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}.hover-lift[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{transition:transform .3s,box-shadow .3s}.hover-lift[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:0 12px 40px #1a1a2e1f}.pulse-dot[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:#2ecc71;border-radius:50%;width:8px;height:8px;animation:2s infinite pulse;display:inline-block}@keyframes pulse{0%{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}50%{opacity:.5;transform:scale(.8)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}.shimmer-text[data-astro-cid-lcdefpme]{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#4fc3f7,#1a1a2e,#4fc3f7) 0 0/200% 200%;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent;-webkit-background-clip:text;animation:3s ease-in-out infinite shimmer}@keyframes shimmer{0%{background-position:0%}50%{background-position:100%}to{background-position:0%}}